Obesity, which arises from changes in lifestyle and feeding habits, is becoming a threat for human health due to its increasing incidence day by day. Especially, the increase in the consumption of high energy diets is one of the main factors that take role in the generation of obesity. Clinical disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, are all basic metabolic diseases in close relation with obesity. These metabolic disorders generally trigger each other’s prevalence. The common property shared by obesity and these metabolic disorders is the inability of insulin to exert its action on tissues, even though insulin is produced by the body. Liver plays a major role in the generation of insulin resistance, since it is the sole organ where all reactions related with energy metabolism are controlled. In this study, high calorie diets induced biomolecular and biochemical alterations were investigated in liver tissues of female and male inbreed C57BL/6J mice. Different diets were given to these groups, which include low fat and carbohydrate (low fat and low carbohydrate diet, as a control), high fat diet (HFD, and high carbohydrate diet (HCD). The alterations on glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and tolerance, and number of cytokines – that are secreted in a high amount during obesity – were detected with respect to gender and diets. Triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein amounts were measured from liver tissue and insulin, leptin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured from serum by ELISA kits. The measured biochemical parameters showed similar results in both females and males. Significant differences were seen between all groups, as well as between the HFD and HCD groups, relative to the control. Changes in the measured cytokines and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism appear as secondary effects of obesity. While both sexes are affected by high-calorie diets, females seem to be more sensitive to fat storage. By this means, the results of this study will help to clarify unidentified mechanisms of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and contribute to new treatment strategies for metabolic disorders.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Obesity, High Fat Diet, High Carbohydrate Diet, Metabolic Response, Cytokines
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