Introduction: Diclofenac sodium (DS) is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), since the 1970s it is the most widely prescribed drug. It acts as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant. The mechanism of its action is inhibition of Cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), which are responsible for Prostaglandin synthesis, the COX-2 forms the prostaglandin of pain and inflammation-mediated responses, while the COX-1 modulates blood flow and cardiovascular system (CVS) homeostasis. More than 111 million prescriptions for NSAIDs in the USA every year. A meta-analysis study of (DS) side effect found that it could cause serious cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, transient ischemic diseases. Gum Arabic (GA) is an adhesive exudate of a tropical plant called (Acacia Senegal). Composed of a water-soluble polysaccharide. It uses widely as additive and stabilizer to many food and drug products. It has important effects including modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (GA) has positive results when being used in treatments for several degenerative diseases such as hepatic, renal failure, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases with a beneficial effect on blood pressure of diabetic and obese rats. No significant adverse or toxic actions have been associated with the use of (GA). Material and methods: In this study, 40 Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups as follow: Group A (Control group) (n=10); was assigned as a control group, however, this group did not receive any treatment. Group B ((DS) group) (n=10); was treated by (DS) only with dose of (3.6 mg/kg/day) using oral gavage for 15 days; Group C ((DS) and (GA) group) was treated by (DS) and (GA) with dose of (3.6 mg/kg/day),(7.5g/kg/day) respectively by oral gavage for 15 days. Group D ((GA) group) (n=10): was treated by (GA) only with dose of (7.5 g/kg/day) by oral gavage for 15 days. Purpose: In this study, possible healing effects of (GA) against the degenerative and apoptotic effect of (DS) were examined by the histological and stereological methods. The physical dissector methods were performed to investigate the difference of counts of the cardiac myocytes of the left ventricles of each animal among all groups. Results: The diclofenac sodium leads to decrease in the numerical density and total number of the cardiac myocytes. While the gum Arabic treatment in the group treated by (DS) group caused increases in those parameters. Light microscopical investigation showed deposition of obvious amount of fibrous tissue as a results of cells death. Conclusion: We conclude that diclofenac sodium causes adverse effects and toxicity. moreover, increase the oxidative stress agents in the cardiac muscles of the rats and these adverse effects might be prevented by the gum Arabic supplementation. ORCID NO: 0000-0001-7985-5279
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gum Arabic, diclofenac, NSAIDs, Cardiovascular System, Stereology
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